Newcastle disease virus NDV is a kind of virus that is harmless to human beings. There are two main subtypes of NDV, which are oncolytic and non-oncolytic. Oncolytic NDV preferentially homing and replicating in cancer cells. Therefore, direct lysis of tumor cells can be caused by intratumoral injection or intravenous injection. In addition, NDV can also activate the apoptosis mechanism of cancer cells, resulting in cell death. Tumor-dissolving and non-tumor-dissolving NDV have been clinically used in patients with different types of cancer all over the world, and proved to be harmless to human body. NDV-related clinical research has been carried out for more than ten years, and has been proved to have good curative effect in animal models and human trials. For a large number of patients with metastatic cancer and chemotherapy-resistant hematological malignancies, conventional anti-cancer methods can't be cured, and new treatment schemes are urgently needed. NDV has become a promising oncolytic virus because of its excellent anti-tumor effect.